Sued for Debt in Mississippi? Here's What to Do Next

30 days from service.

3 years for all contract types. This is one of the shortest in the country.

Yes. Federal limits apply.

Justice court up to $3,500. County or circuit court for larger claims.

Mississippi has unusually strong limits on wage garnishment for consumer debt. The state generally restricts wage garnishment to a 30-day period at a time, requires the creditor to follow strict statutory procedures under Miss. Code § 11-35-1 et seq., and exempts the first 30 days of wages from any single garnishment. After that, the federal cap of 25% of disposable earnings applies, and Mississippi follows the federal floor. Several categories of income are fully exempt: Social Security, SSI, VA, unemployment, workers' compensation, and most public assistance. The practical effect is that Mississippi consumer-debt wage garnishment is less common and more cumbersome than in many states. Collectors more often pursue bank-account seizure or property liens. If you are facing garnishment, file a claim of exemption with the court that issued the order, and consider whether the underlying judgment can be challenged - particularly for lack of service or expired SOL. Mississippi Center for Justice and several legal aid offices help low-income consumers with collection defense.

Mississippi's SOL on credit-card and open-account debt is generally 3 years under Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-29 ("actions on open account or stated account"). Some courts apply the 3-year limit, others apply the 6-year SOL for written contracts under § 15-1-49, depending on whether the underlying cardholder agreement is treated as a written contract. The conservative read is 3 years for credit-card open-account debt - that is the position taken by the Fifth Circuit and many Mississippi courts. The clock runs from the date of last payment or last activity. Mississippi follows the rule that partial payment can restart the SOL, so do not pay anything on an old debt without first confirming the dates. If a collector sues on a time-barred debt, plead the SOL as an affirmative defense in your answer - failure to plead it can waive the defense. Suing on a time-barred debt is also a federal FDCPA violation, so a stale suit can give rise to a counterclaim for statutory damages and attorney's fees.

Start with the Mississippi Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division at (601) 359-3680 or consumer@ago.ms.gov. The AG's office mediates between consumers and businesses and can pursue enforcement against patterns of misconduct. Under Miss. Code § 75-24-15, you must give the AG's office an opportunity to mediate before filing a private suit under the Mississippi Consumer Protection Act. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (consumerfinance.gov/complaint) also accepts complaints against debt collectors and forwards them to the collector for response. For federal FDCPA violations, you can sue without an exhaustion requirement - just file in federal or state court within one year of the violation (15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d)). Document every contact: keep voicemails, save letters and texts, write down dates and times of calls. That documentation supports both the AG complaint and any private suit. Many Mississippi consumer attorneys take FDCPA cases on a fee-shifting basis - if you win, the collector pays your lawyer.

Mississippi does not have a general state license requirement for collection agencies the way many other states (Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, etc.) do. The Mississippi Secretary of State requires registration of business entities operating in the state, and certain specific debt types (like mortgage servicers) have separate regulation, but there is no Mississippi "collection agency license" that controls who can collect consumer debt. The practical consequence: out-of-state collectors freely operate in Mississippi, and licensing-based defenses available in other states are not available here. Mississippi consumers rely primarily on federal FDCPA, federal CFPB Regulation F (12 CFR Part 1006), and the Mississippi Consumer Protection Act to challenge abusive collection. The lack of state licensing makes it more important to document violations carefully and pursue them aggressively. If you are dealing with an out-of-state collector, focus on FDCPA violations - false statements, harassment, contact-frequency abuse, validation failures, suit on time-barred debt - which apply nationwide regardless of state licensing.

Medical debt is a leading source of collection action in Mississippi. Once a hospital sends the bill to a third-party collection agency, the federal FDCPA applies in full - validation rights, contact limits, prohibition on harassment, false statements, etc. As of recent CFPB rules and major credit-bureau policy changes, medical collections under $500 cannot be reported, paid medical collections must come off your credit report, and unpaid medical collections are delayed for one year before they can appear. The federal No Surprises Act (in effect since 2022) protects against certain surprise out-of-network bills, especially in emergency situations. Many Mississippi hospitals are nonprofit and subject to federal 501(r) financial-assistance rules, meaning they are required to offer charity-care policies; if you were not told about that policy or denied assistance, the bill may be challengeable. Before paying any medical collection, demand written validation, check for insurance errors, ask whether you were screened for financial assistance, and verify the dates against the 3-year SOL (or 6 years for written contracts under § 15-1-49).