Sued by Portfolio Recovery Associates in Wisconsin? Here's What to Do Next

2015 · consent order

$27M total ($19M consumer refunds + $8M civil penalty)

CFPB found that PRA collected on unsubstantiated debt, filed misleading affidavits in debt-collection lawsuits, misrepresented its intent to prove debts if contested, and sued consumers on time-barred debts.

CFPB source

2023 · consent order

$24M+ total ($12.18M consumer redress + $12M civil penalty)

CFPB found that PRA violated the 2015 order by continuing to collect on unsubstantiated debt, suing without required documentation, suing on time-barred debt, and failing to investigate consumer disputes in its credit reporting.

CFPB source

Statute of Limitations Defense

In Wisconsin, the statute of limitations for credit card debt is 6 years. If your last payment was more than 6 years ago, the debt is time-barred. Portfolio Recovery Associates has been the subject of CFPB findings related to suing on time-barred debts — check your dates carefully and raise the SOL defense in your Answer.

Lack of Standing / Chain of Title

As a debt buyer, Portfolio Recovery Associates must prove they actually purchased your specific account. Demand the complete chain of title — the purchase agreement, bill of sale, and assignment documents. In Wisconsin courts, failing to produce this documentation can result in dismissal.

Challenge the Amount

Demand a complete accounting from the original creditor's last statement through the current claimed balance. Any unauthorized fees, post-charge-off interest, or collection costs not in the original agreement should be disputed line by line.

Wisconsin Wage Garnishment Exemptions

Only 20% of disposable earnings. Wisconsin is more protective than federal law.

Wisconsin Consumer Act

In addition to the federal FDCPA, Wisconsin's Wisconsin Consumer Act may provide additional protections and remedies against Portfolio Recovery Associates's collection practices.

Wisconsin Court System

Small claims limit $10,000. Circuit court handles larger civil cases. Filing fees in Wisconsin typically range $50-$250.

Who is Portfolio Recovery Associates?

Portfolio Recovery Associates (PRA) is a major debt buyer owned by PRA Group, Inc. They purchase defaulted consumer debts from banks and credit card companies and pursue collection through calls, letters, credit reporting, and lawsuits.

Has PRA been in trouble with regulators?

Yes. In 2015, the CFPB ordered PRA Group to pay $108 million for using litigation tactics that violated the law, including suing consumers without verifying debts and collecting debts that were not owed.

Can I beat a PRA lawsuit?

Yes. Many PRA lawsuits can be successfully defended by challenging their standing to sue, demanding proof of the chain of title, raising statute of limitations defenses, and challenging the accuracy of the amount claimed.

What should I do if PRA contacts me?

Request debt validation in writing within 30 days of their first contact. Do not acknowledge the debt or make any payments, as this could restart the statute of limitations in some states. Consider consulting with a consumer rights attorney.

Can PRA garnish my bank account?

Only after obtaining a court judgment. If PRA sues you and you do not respond, they will get a default judgment that allows wage garnishment and bank levies in most states. Filing your Answer is the critical first step to prevent this.

How long to respond in Wisconsin?

20 days from service.

What is the SOL?

6 years for all contract types.

Can wages be garnished?

Yes, but only 20% — more protective than federal law.

Does Wisconsin have its own consumer law?

Yes. The Wisconsin Consumer Act provides significant protections for consumers in debt collection.

What is the Wisconsin Consumer Act and how does it help me?

The Wisconsin Consumer Act (WCA), Wis. Stat. Ch. 421-427, is a comprehensive consumer protection statute that regulates consumer credit transactions and debt collection in Wisconsin. Unlike the federal FDCPA, the WCA applies to both third-party debt collectors and original creditors collecting their own consumer debts. Wis. Stat. § 427.104 prohibits a long list of conduct including: threats of force or violence, threats of criminal prosecution, communicating with the consumer's employer (with limited exceptions), use of obscene or threatening language, harassing or repeated communications, false or misleading representations about the debt, and use of unfair or unconscionable means. Remedies under Wis. Stat. § 425.301-308 include actual damages, statutory penalties of $100-$1,000 per violation, attorney fees, and equitable relief such as voiding the debt. The Wisconsin Department of Justice and Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection both have enforcement roles, and consumers can also bring private actions.

How much of my wages can a debt collector take in Wisconsin?

Wisconsin provides more wage protection than the federal floor. Under Wis. Stat. § 812.34, for general consumer debts after a judgment, a creditor can take only 20% of your disposable earnings, compared to the federal 25%. Wisconsin also exempts the first $26.50 per week of disposable earnings, and the amount necessary to keep you above the federal poverty line for your household size. Disposable earnings means what is left after legally required deductions like federal and state taxes and Social Security. Government debts like child support, taxes, and federal student loans follow different and sometimes higher caps under federal law. Wisconsin also exempts certain categories of income entirely from garnishment under Wis. Stat. § 815.18, including Social Security, SSI, veterans benefits, unemployment compensation, workers compensation, and most retirement benefits. You can file an Earnings Garnishment Exemption Notice claim to assert exemptions and reduce the garnishment if it would cause hardship.

What is the statute of limitations on debt in Wisconsin?

Wisconsin's general statute of limitations on a written contract is six years under Wis. Stat. § 893.43, and most consumer credit transactions, including credit cards, fall under this period. However, Wis. Stat. § 425.207 provides a special statute of repose that bars collection actions on consumer credit transactions after the limitations period ends, with no revival even if you make a payment. This is one of the strongest anti-zombie-debt provisions in the country: in Wisconsin, a payment on a time-barred consumer debt does not restart the clock. For out-of-state creditors, Wisconsin's borrowing statute, Wis. Stat. § 893.07, can apply the limitations period of the state where the cause of action arose if that period is shorter. Many credit card agreements designate other states' law, often with shorter periods. If you are sued on a debt past the applicable limitations period, raise statute of limitations as an affirmative defense in your answer; the defense is waived if not raised.

Is the debt collector required to be licensed in Wisconsin?

Yes. Under Wis. Stat. § 218.04, collection agencies operating in Wisconsin must be licensed by the Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions and post a $5,000 surety bond. You can verify a collector's license using the DFI's online licensee search at dfi.wi.gov. If a collector contacting or suing you is not licensed, that itself is a violation and can be raised as a defense or counterclaim, in addition to being a violation of the Wisconsin Consumer Act under Wis. Stat. § 427.104(1)(j) (use of unfair or unconscionable means). The licensing requirement applies broadly to third-party collection agencies and debt buyers collecting in their own name. Original creditors collecting their own debts are not required to be licensed, although they are still subject to the substantive prohibitions of the Wisconsin Consumer Act. Operating as an unlicensed collection agency in Wisconsin can also be a criminal violation.

I was sued in Wisconsin small claims court. What should I do?

Wisconsin small claims court, under Wis. Stat. Ch. 799, handles civil cases up to $10,000. The procedure starts with a summons and complaint and an initial return date. Show up to the return date. If you do not appear, the court will likely enter a default judgment. If you appear and contest the case, the court will schedule a contested return date or trial. Even in small claims, you can serve written discovery under Wis. Stat. § 804 to request documents like the original cardholder agreement, the bill of sale, and the chain of assignments. Many debt buyer cases collapse when the plaintiff cannot produce these records. Raise defenses including statute of limitations, lack of standing, improper venue under Wis. Stat. § 421.401, failure to comply with WCA notice requirements, and any Wisconsin Consumer Act violations as counterclaims. Either party can appeal a small claims judgment to circuit court within 45 days for a trial de novo if the case is properly preserved.